Apparatus for the manufacture of gas



(No Model.) 3 sheets-sheet. 1.

J. M. ROSE. v APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS.

No. 505,537. Patented Sept. 26 1893.

3 Sheet s-e-Shaet 2.

(No Model.) 7

' J. M. ROSE.

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS. No. 505,537.

Patented Sept. 26, 1893.

3 Sheets8heet 3;

(No' Model.)

J. M. ROSE. APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS Patented Sept. 26, 1893.

INIIED 'TATES JAMES M. ROSE, Q F A LLEGI-IENY, PENNSYLVANIA.

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS'.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 505,537, dated September 26, 1893.

Application filed January 6, 1890. Serial No. 336,011. (No model.)

To whom it may concern.-

Be it known that LJAMES M. ROSE, a resident of Allegheny, in thecounty of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for the Manufacture'ofGas; and I do hereby declare the followingto be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to apparatus forthe manufacture of gas; its-object being to pro vide an apparatus which is simple in construction, in which large or smallbodies of coal or like carbonaceous material can be heated, as may be desired, according to the size of the apparatus, and in which large quantities of fuel gas may be formed, this fuel gas being composed, generally stated, of water gas. and producer gas or generator gas, to-

- gether with coal or distilled gas, and the gases formed may be enriched as may be desired with hydro-carbons.

In the apparatus embodying my invention, I employ a long horizontal casing, with four vertical casings or legs depending therefrom, the casings being suitably lined and partition walls being placed within the horizontal casing, so as to form what may be practically termed four vertical chambers, these chambers communicating with each other through suitable pipes, and the apparatus being provided with suitable horizontal cylinders for coking coal or driving off gases fromcarbonaceous or bituminous material, with suitable steain and air inlets and'with eduction pip'es,

all as hereinafter fully set forth.

The particular improvements embodied in my invention will be hereinafter specifically claimed. I

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will describe the same more fully, referring to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a Vertical section. Fig. 2 is a plan view. Fig. 3 is a cross section on the 1ine3-3 Fig. ,1; and Fig. 4 is a cross section on the line ib-4: Fig. 1.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts 1n each of the views.

In forming the apparatus embodying my in heating chambers being marked D D cording to the size of I the apparatus desired,

this casing being formed of boiler plate, riveted together andpractically forming a horizontal structure, the end portions of which are either riveted or bolted to the cylinder. In the lower part of the casing there are formed four openings, as shown, and depend ing from the cylinder at these openings are legs thereto, the two inner legs I) b being preferably made shorter than the outer legs 7) b and being supported on the foundation walls If. These casings are suitablylined with fire brick, and within the horizontal casing A are the division walls 0 c 0 dividing it into four chambers, which extend down into the casings b, b, b and 19 so forming the vertical chambers D D at the ends of the apparatus and the vertical chambers E E between the same, these chambers having what might be termed a mallet form, that is, having the cylindrical portions at the base, and the enlarged portions within the horizontal casingA,

as clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the enlargement being in the form of a short cylinder, and so imparting to the said chamber, the mallet like form. In the end chambersD D, Igenerally form perforated arches 01 though these arches may be omitted if desired, the arches,

when employed, dividing the chambers into what might be termed cupola generators at the base, andheatingjchambers at the top, such The several vertical chambers have air inlets as at d d e e, and in the upper parts of the chambers D D are formed air inlets 01 d these air inlets communicating with a suitable compressing engine or blower by pipes. Theseveral chambers have i also steam inlets at the bases thereof as at ff f f Extending longitudinally through the up per parts of the chambers D D, that is,through the heating chambers D D are the horizon tal cylinders F F, these cylinders being supported in the end walls of the casing A, and in the division walls between the end cham bers and the inner chambers, and extending through said Walls. That is, the cylindersF Fcommunicating with the inner chamber E,

ICC

pass through the heating chamber. D and open at the end of the horizontal casing A, the cylinders F F being similarly located in the chamber D At the ends of the cylinder A, these chambers open into pipes which lead upwardly along the ends of the casing through valves and over the top of the casing, and communicate through the top of the easing A with the upper end of the heating chambers; these pipes being marked G G respectively, and the valve controlling the pipe G being marked 9, while the valve controlling the pipe G is marked g. These pipes and cylinders thus form a passage from the inner chambers to the top of the outer chambers, with which they communicate. Oommunicating with the outer end of each horizontal cylinder F F is a steam inlet h or 71, according to the end of the apparatus in which it is located, and in the heating chambers D D preferably under the horizontal cylinders, are the steam inlets it. In the pipes G G opposite the ends of the cylinders f are doors is, through which the cylinders.

may be filled with coal, coke or other carbonaceous material, or material containing. bituminous materials, such as sand or shale imregnated with asphalt.- The inner chambers E E communicate with each other through a pipe L,- this pipe being located above the chambers and communicating therewith through the top wall of the cylinder A, and

this pipe having the valve Z for controlling the flow of the gases between said chambers. Located in the top wall of the chambersE E are the charging doors m at through which coal may be fed directly down into these chambers, and a large body of coal be maintained therein, the-coal generally extending nearthe upper-end of said chambers. The charging doors for the outer chambers D D are located in the side Walls thereof, as shown in n n, these charging doors being placed" below the perforated arches 0Z dividing said" chambers into ,the cupola and heating chamber above referred to. Each of the vertical chambers is provided with a relief valve for the purpose of heating up the chambers or the inner chambers may be arranged as shown.

at s in Fig. 4, extending downwardly through the casing A, the apparatus on account of the cylindrical shape of the upper portions of these chambers giving free opportunity for the breaking up of the coal in case it should arch within the chambers.

, Extending along the side of the apparatus is the hydraulic main T, the gas eductionpipes 25 t leading from the bases of the cham- Suitable to the chambers until the bodies of coal in the several chambers are raised to incandescence, air being fed to the products of combustion from the cupola generatorsD D, so as to raise the chambers D? D and the horizontal cylinders F F therein to a high heat. When the apparatus is heated up ready for gas making coal or coke or other suchmaterial, such as gravel, sand or shale containing bituminous substances, are fed to the horizontal cylinders. The relief valves of theinner chambers and also of the chambers D are closed, the valves 9 of the pipe G and Z, of the pipe L, are opened and the air blast is shut off from the chamber D'andthe chamber E. The air blast is continued in the cupola D, the products therefrom being burned within the heating chamber D 'and then permitted to escape through the relief valve 1),

and this chamber and the horizontalcylinders therein,being thus held at a high heat. Steam is then admitted through the pipes h at the ends of the horizontal chambersF, and in passing through the coal or coke in said cylinders, it is decomposed, water gas being formed and the water gas passing into the upper end of the. chamber E. At the same uniting with the gases generated in theapparatus. Atthe same.time,the air blast is'continned at the base of the chamberE, and generator gas is formed in said chamber, this passing up through the body of coal'therein, is

decomposed, forming water gas,the water-gas intermingling with the gases formed in the cylinders F and chamber E, and flowing from the chamber E through they horizontal chamber F and thence through the pipe G into the upper end of the-heating. chamber D passing down around the cylinders l5 and thence downwardly through the bodyof incandescent coke in the lower portion of said vertical chamber and through the eduction'pipet into the hydraulic-main T, and'thence through the pipe 6 to the gas main or storage tank. The hot gases in passing through the body of coal, coke or other material in the horizontal cylinders f and the heat generated around said cylinder acts to distill off from the coal any volatile gases, causing these gases to unite with the gasespreviously generated, and so adding to the gases formed, what might be termed coal gas, or if any bituminous substances are placed within said chambers, the gases are generated therefrom and carried by the gases passing through the said chambers into the heating chamber and are fixed in the body of incandescent carbon, in the chamber D. At the same time, steam is admitted through the steam entrance 6 in the heating chamber D and this steam is decomposed either by the gases into which it enters, uniting with the carbonic oxide to form carbonic acid and so setting the hydrogen free, while the carbonic acid may be converted-into carbonic oxide in the incandescentcarbon in the chamber D, or the steam in passing through said body of incandescent carbon, is decomposed, forming a further body of water gas to be added to the gases previously formed. 'When the carbon in the chambers D and Eis so lowered in temperature as to fail in their pu rpose of decomposing the steam or fixing the gases, the apparatus is reversed, the valve g being closed, the relief valvep opened, the relief valve p closed, and the valve 9 opened, the several points of entrance for steam and air beingreversed in the same manner. Steam is then admitted at the ends of the chambers F, the gases formed entering into the upper end of the chamber E uniting with the generator gas formed therein, and passing into the chamber E and uniting with the water gas formed therein and then passing through the horizontal cylinders F and into the upper end of the heating chamber D and thence through the body of incandescent carbon in the chamber D and through the eduction pipe 15 to the hydraulic main. In the first operation, the bodies of coal in the chambers D E are being cooled down, while the bodies of coal in the chambers D E are being brought to a high state of incandescence. When the apparatus is thus reversed, the bodies of coal in the chambers E D serve for the decomposition of the steamand for the fixing of the gases and the body of carbon in the chamber E is being gradually heated up by the air blast in forming generator gas, while the body of carbon in the chamber D is being consumed to raise the same to a high heat and to heat the horizontal cylinders F, the products of combustion from these chambers being permitted to escape. If it is found that sufficient heat is generated in the end chambers without consuming the gases for heating the retorts, the gases generated by the air blast at the base of said end chambers may be introduced into the body of gases generated, this being accomplished by closing the relief valve in the pipe G or G, and opening the valve 9 or g in said pipe, according to the; direction of the flow of the gases, when said generator gas will flow through the pipe into the horizontal cylinders, and thence inescaping without being decomposed, or sim-' ply providing for the oxygen to unite with the hydrogen, is compelled, if it should pass up around the walls of the vertical portions of said chamber without being decomposed to pass through the body of coal in the head or enlargement thereof, and the decomposition of such steam is thereby insured. The apparatus as so constructed can be made exceedingly strong and in proportion to the capacity for the manufacture of gas can be built cheaply. At the same time it provides an apparatus which can be built of different sizes according to the amount of gas to be produced, the apparatus being adapted for successful operation when built within any reasonable dimensions. At the same time by the location of the fire chambers in line with each other, it provides a simple form of apparatus for the manufacture of the combined water gas, producer gas and distilled or coal gas, and for the maintaining of the proper temperatures in the different parts of the apparatus, while providing for the manufacture of very large bodies of gas.

What I claim as myinvention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A gas making apparatus having a horizontal casing provided with a series of vertical casings depending therefrom,said casings being suitably lined, andhaving a division wall extending across said horizontal casing, between the vertical casings so as to divide it into chambers, and one of said chambers being provided with horizontal retorts or pipes supported in one wall of the casing, and the division wall, and said chambers having suitable supply and exhaust ports communicating therewith, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. A gas making apparatus having a horizontal casing and a series of vertical casings depending therefrom, said casings being suitably lined, and having a division wall extending across the horizontal casing, and so dividing the apparatus into two vertical chambers, such as D, E, one or more horizontal cyl inders extending through the vertical chamber D and communicating with the chamber E, and a pipe leading from the end or ends of said cylinders and communicating with the upper part of said vertical chamber D, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. A gas making apparatus having the vertical chambers D E, the horizontal cylinders IIO F extending across the chamber D and havdividing the apparatus into the four chaming steam entrances h at their outer ends, bersD D EE, the horizontal'cylinders F, F,

and thepipe Gcommunicating with the outer and communicating pipes G, G, and L beend or ends of the cylinders F and with the tween said several chambers, substantially as I 5 5 upper end of the chamber D, substantially and for the purposes set forth.

as and for the purposes set forth. In testimony whereof I, the said J AMES' M.

4. The herein described gas apparatus ROSE, have hereunto set my hand. formed of the horizontal casing A, having a I v JAMES M. ROSE. series of vertical casings depending there- Witnesses:

to from, said casings being suitably lined, di- WILBUR F. REEDER, Vision walls 0 c c in the horizontal casing, so HENRY O. QUIGLEY. 

